China overtakes Brazil in key months as Argentina’s exports surge 78%

For years, Brazil held an undisputed position as Argentina’s leading commercial partner. Now, new trade data suggest that balance is beginning to shift. According to figures released by the Argentine-Chinese Chamber of Production, Industry and Commerce, exports to China posted one of their strongest increases in recent history during the opening months of 2026. At the same time, imports from China declined by 7%, improving the overall trade dynamic.

The trend is drawing attention across agricultural and commodity markets because China remains one of the world’s largest buyers of food, feed grains and strategic minerals.

The biggest winners could be Argentina’s grain and livestock sectors. Industry representatives say there is significant room to expand exports of corn, soybeans and wheat, three commodities that are central to China’s long-term food security strategy.

Beef and pork exports also have substantial growth potential. Pending sanitary agreements between the two countries could unlock hundreds of millions of dollars in additional trade. Estimates from the chamber suggest that exports of beef by-products alone could generate around $130 million in new annual revenue, while pork by-products could contribute another $240 million. For producers, processors and exporters, those figures highlight the importance of gaining broader access to the Chinese market.

Beyond traditional commodities, several regional industries are emerging as potential beneficiaries of stronger trade ties. Peanuts, pulses and blueberries have been identified among the products with the greatest expansion opportunities.

Between January and April 2026, Argentina’s containerized peanut exports reached 21,127 TEUs, marking a 29% year-on-year (YoY) increase. The chart below tracks the monthly volumes recorded, according to data compiled by Datamar:

Peanut Exports | Argentina | Jan 2023 – Apr 2026 | TEUs

Source: DataLiner (click here to request a demo)

Market estimates indicate that peanut exports could add approximately $300 million in future sales, while pulse exports could generate another $160 million. These gains would provide an important boost for agricultural regions seeking to diversify export markets beyond traditional destinations.

Agriculture may dominate headlines, but mining is becoming an increasingly important part of the Argentina-China trade story. Lithium represented roughly 25% of Argentina’s exports to China during the first four months of 2026, reflecting Beijing’s growing need for battery materials used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems.

Chinese companies have expanded their presence in Argentina’s lithium sector, strengthening commercial ties that extend far beyond agriculture. As global demand for electric vehicles continues to rise, analysts expect lithium exports to remain one of the fastest-growing components of bilateral trade.

Despite the strong momentum, several trade barriers remain unresolved. Industry leaders continue to push for progress on agricultural biotechnology approvals, meat export protocols and poultry-sector regulations.

Many believe that resolving these issues could significantly increase export volumes and create new opportunities across multiple agricultural supply chains. Officials and business groups have also discussed the possibility of future trade missions aimed at accelerating negotiations and expanding market access.

Why this matters beyond Argentina

The rapid expansion of trade between Argentina and China reflects a broader global trend. As China seeks reliable suppliers of food, feed ingredients and critical minerals, countries with strong agricultural and natural resource sectors are becoming increasingly important partners.

For Argentina, the surge in exports is more than just a short-term trade story. It represents a potential transformation in how the country connects to global markets and where future growth may come from. If current trends continue, the competition between China and Brazil for the title of Argentina’s top trading partner could become one of the most significant economic developments in Latin America over the next several years.

For farmers, agribusiness companies and commodity investors, China’s growing role is no longer a future possibility-it is already reshaping the market today.

Source: AgroLatam

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